![]() (2021) concluded that auxin plays a critical role in AMF promotion of plant growth. Numerous researchers have proposed that AMF symbiosis promotes the uptake of mineral nutrients, such as phosphate and nitrogen, which would then promote root development ( Bonfante and Genre, 2010 Andrino et al., 2021). It remains ambiguous how AMF promotes root development in plants. Once established, this symbiosis can promote root development ( Hosseini and Gharghani, 2015 Liu et al., 2018 Huang et al., 2020). The mechanism through which AMF improves plant stress tolerance has been extensively studied, but there is not yet intensive study on how AMF regulates plant growth and development.ĪMF is a specialized, obligate biotrophic fungus that must inhabit a plant root. In addition, AMF promote the growth of plants, including perennial trees like apple, trifoliate orange, and catalpa ( Hosseini and Gharghani, 2015 Liu et al., 2018 Chen et al., 2020). AMF can improve plant resistance to biotic stressors, such as insect pests and bacterial and fungal diseases, and abiotic stressors, such as drought, salt, and heavy metals ( Karthikeyan et al., 2016 Gao et al., 2020 Huang et al., 2020 Adeyemi et al., 2021). Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) from the Order Glomales is observed in 80% to 90% of terrestrial plants worldwide ( Gadkar et al., 2001). Our study bridged the gap in the field of growth and development related to AMF.Īrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely distributed in the ecosystem. There was a correlation between shoot growth and root development, but analysis of root and shoot metabolites showed that the regulation of AMF on plant shoot metabolites is independent of root growth. To investigate whether shoot elongation is caused by root development, we analyzed the root/shoot dry weight ratio. ![]() ![]() Shoot transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted shoot elongation mainly by affecting hormone metabolism and the expression of genes associated with cell morphogenesis. Root transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted lateral root development mainly by affecting glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and hormone metabolism. AMF significantly promoted the number of lateral root (LR) increase and shoot elongation. In this study, the apple rootstock M26 was assessed physiologically, transcriptionally and metabolically when grown with and without AMF inoculation. However, the regulatory mechanisms through which AMF promote plant growth and development are largely unexplored. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, ChinaĪrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants form a symbiotic relationship that promotes plant growth and development.Shan Jing Yuchao Li Lingcheng Zhu Jing Su Tianyi Yang Bowen Liu Baiquan Ma Fengwang Ma Mingjun Li * Manrang Zhang *
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